Transition from High School to Adult Life for Teenagers Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision
Although “transition” describes the process of moving from one phase to another, in special education, it often refers specifically to the period of time when your teenager is preparing for adult life after leaving public school. Several activities need to take place during this transition.
Transition: When Does It Start?
For children who are blind or have low vision, the transition process has to be planned and included in their Individualized Education Program (IEP) not later than the IEP in effect when they turn 16. It has to be updated annually thereafter. If your child has multiple disabilities or complex needs, the process may start earlier to give your child time to prepare for the transition to independent living.
What’s Supposed to Happen?
Your child’s educational team—your teenager, you, the school staff, and related service providers—is expected to decide what services your child needs and to structure a program based on those services. For example:
- Special classes or training
- Community-based experiences
- Information about available sources of post-high school help
- Expanded orientation and mobility training
The goal is to enable your child to be successful in whatever plans he wants to pursue after high school—vocational training, work, college, or living independently in an apartment or group home. There’s no prescribed list of services your teenager’s school must provide—these services are specific to each student’s IEP, based on an assessment of his abilities, needs, and life goals. A formal document called a transition IEP, lists those services and goals.
Who’s Responsible for What?
Your teenager’s educational team is responsible for overseeing his educational program, which may include:
- Instruction in basic academic courses—English, math, science, geography, and social studies
- Training in disability-specific skills—skills and adaptive techniques that your child needs to develop because of your child’s blindness or low vision to enable them to participate in academic learning and to live independently
These disability-specific skills are taught as part of what is referred to as the expanded core curriculum for students with blindness or low vision. Included is instruction, as needed, in reading and writing with braille, using optical devices, orientation and mobility (O&M), social skills, independent living skills, career education, assistive technology, recreation and leisure activities, visual and sensory efficiency, and self-determination. The school staff is also responsible for evaluating your teenager’s progress in these areas.
During the transition process, students are responsible for their own life plan unless they have cognitive or other impairments that prevent them from doing so. While your teenager is in school, choose courses that prepare them for college or a specific career path. It means that your child will need to consider factors such as:
- What am I good at
- Are there things I like to do
- What does my child value—such as health, security, fame, family, friends, independence
- Whether their abilities and values are a good match for the jobs that interest him
The Value of Work Experience
While your teenager is still in school and living at home, you may want to encourage work experiences. Both volunteer and paid jobs can be helpful training for future work. It’s important to talk about their goals at IEP meetings so that their preferences drive the transition planning process.
Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), families are active educational team members. As parents or guardians, you are expected to attend and participate in the IEP meetings. This also includes the meetings that establish your child’s transition services plan. As part of this process, you must share your expectations and concerns with your teenager and the educational staff.
Other organizations, such as vocational rehabilitation agencies are available. Public and private agencies aiding those with blindness, low vision, or developmental disabilities often join in a student’s transition planning. School faculty can guide you and your child to community services for academic, vocational, social, or daily living support post-graduation. These agencies can provide information about their services and make those services available when they are hired to do so. Through discussion and planning, the transition can form a critical bridge to adult life.